Past Perfect em Inglês

O "Past Perfect" forma-se com o verbo auxiliar Had (I, you,he, she, it, we, they) + o particípio passado do verbo principal.
Os particípios regulares se formam adicionando "-ed" ao final do verbo e os particípios irregulares devem ser memorizados.
Veja um exemplo de um verbo regular conjugado em "Past Perfect":

Forma afirmativa do verbo "clean" em past perfect.

Verbo "To clean"	Forma Contraída	Português
I had cleaned	I'd cleaned	Eu tinha limpado
You had cleaned	You'd cleaned	Você tinha limpado
He had cleaned	He'd cleaned	Ele tinha limpado
She had cleaned	She'd cleaned	Ela tinha limpado
It had cleaned	It'd cleaned	Ele, Ela tinha limpado (neutro)
We had cleaned	We'd cleaned	Nós tínhamos limpado
You had cleaned	You'd cleaned	Vocês tinham limpado
They had cleaned	They'd cleaned	Eles, Elas tinham limpado

Forma negativa do verbo "to clean" em past perfect.

Verbo "To clean"	Forma Contraída	Português
I had not cleaned	I hadn't cleaned	Eu não tinha limpado
You had not cleaned	You hadn't cleaned	Você não tinha limpado
He had not cleaned	He hadn't cleaned	Ele não tinha limpado
She had not cleaned	She hadn't cleaned	Ela não tinha limpado
It had not cleaned	It hadn't cleaned	Ele, Ela não tinha limpado (neutro)
We had not cleaned	We hadn't cleaned	Nós não tínhamos limpado
You had not cleaned	You hadn't cleaned	Vocês não tinham limpado
They had not cleaned	They hadn't cleaned	Eles, Elas não tinham limpado

Forma interrogativa do verbo "to clean" em past perfect.

	Verbo "To clean"	Português
	Had I cleaned?	Eu tinha limpado?
	Had you cleaned?	Você tinha limpado?
	Had he cleaned?	Ele tinha limpado?
	Had she cleaned?	Ela tinha limpado?
	Had it cleaned?	Ele, Ela tinha limpado? (neutro)
	Had we cleaned?	Nós tínhamos limpado?
	Had you cleaned?	Vocês tinham limpado?
	Had they cleaned?	Eles, Elas tinham limpado?

Respostas curtas no past perfect.

	Resposta Afirmativa		Resposta Negativa
	Yes, I had		No, I had not No, I hadn't
	Yes, you had		No, you had not No, you hadn't
	Yes, he had		No, he had not No, he hadn't
	Yes, she had		No, she had not No, she hadn't
	Yes, it had		No, it had not No, it hadn't
	Yes, we had		No, we had not No, we hadn't
	Yes, you had		No, you had not No, you hadn't
	Yes, they had		No, they had not No, they hadn't

Ordem das frases com verbos em "Past Perfect":

Afirmativas: sujeito + had + particípio passado + objetos.

Exemplo:

I arrived at the airport when the plane had taken off.
(Quando cheguei no aeroporto o avião tinha decolado.)

Negativas: sujeito + hadn't + particípio passado + objetos.

Exemplo:

The shop hadn't closed when I arrived.
(A loja não tinha fechado quando cheguei.)

Interrogativas afirmativas: Had + sujeito + particípio passado + objetos + interrogação.

Exemplos:

Had you finished the book when you gave it back?
(Você tinha terminado o livro quando você o devolveu?)

Respostas curtas afirmativas: "Yes" + sujeito + had.

Exemplos:

Yes, I had.
(Sim.)

Yes, she had.
(Sim.)

Respostas curtas negativas: "No" + sujeito + had + "not".

Exemplos:

No, I had not.
(Não)

No, she had not.
(Não.)

Marcadores temporais do "Past Perfect":

Entre os principais marcadores temporais do "past perfect" temos: before, after, already, just, till, until, when, by the time...

Exemplos:

Had you studied English before you moved to Boston?
(Você tinha estudado inglês antes de se mudar para Boston?)

By the time Ann arrived we had been waiting for 3 hours.
(Nós tínhamos esperado durante três horas, quando Ann chegou.)

Tom had cooked breakfast when we got up.
(Tom tinha feito o café da manhã quando nós acordamos.)

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